Design-Research Framework

Overview of Design Thinking Models

Design thinking models provide structured frameworks for approaching complex problems by focusing on understanding users, challenging assumptions, redefining problems, and creating innovative solutions to prototype and test. Here are some widely recognized design thinking models:

Popular Design Thinking Models

  1. The Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford (d.school) Model: This is one of the most well-known models, which outlines five phases: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. This iterative process encourages understanding users, challenging assumptions, redefining problems, and creating innovative solutions.
  2. IDEO’s Design Thinking Model: Similar to the Stanford model, IDEO, a global design company, employs a user-centered methodology that emphasizes observation, collaboration, fast learning, visualization of ideas, rapid concept prototyping, and concurrent business analysis.
  3. The British Design Council’s Double Diamond: This model divides the design process into four distinct phases – Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver. The process is visualized as two diamonds, representing a process of exploring an issue more broadly or deeply (divergent thinking) and then taking focused action (convergent thinking).
  4. IBM’s Loop Model: IBM’s model focuses on a continuous loop of Observe, Reflect, and Make. This model emphasizes the importance of continuous iteration and feedback, suggesting that design thinking is an ongoing process of learning and creating.
  5. Google’s Sprint Model: Developed at Google Ventures, it’s a five-day process for answering critical business questions through design, prototyping, and testing ideas with customers. It’s highly structured and aimed at quickly developing and validating solutions.
  6. LUMA Institute’s System of Innovation: The LUMA system proposes a flexible approach to design thinking, consisting of 36 methods grouped into three key categories: Looking, Understanding, and Making. This system is adaptable and can be tailored to fit various types of projects and teams.

Each model has its own unique focus and approach but shares common principles of empathy, collaboration, experimentation, and iterative learning. The choice of model can depend on the specific project, team, and objectives at hand.